Output OF Running EFA on complete Datasets
On performing EFA on the questions, selected in 2014 and 2019, related to innovation and leadership, we obtained the following results:
So, in both 2014 (on left) and 2019 (on right), latent factors are moderately to strongly correlated with the number of questions.
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Transformational leadership focuses on inspiring others and empowering them. Motivating people, encouraging ideas and innovation are the main characteristics of transformational leadership.
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Consideration leadership style is sensitive to employees' feelings, wants, and ambitions by caring about their interests and well-being. Before planning, gets input from your staff and evaluate the implications of your choices for the team, creates a workplace climate where people trust, respect, and follow you by publicly praising and quietly disciplining subordinates, are the characters of considerate leader.
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The democratic leader strives for consensus, or at the very least a keen sense among employees that they have a say in decision-making. Articulate directions and providing opportunities to employees are main characteristics of democratic leadership.
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In 2014, we can observe only two leadership styles, while in 2019, we observe three leadership styles. However, the characteristics of consideration and democratic leadership styles are almost same and therefore, there is a strong correlation of 0.7 among ML1 (consideration leadership style) and ML3 (democratic leadership style) in 2019.
Trainees vs Seniors
Comparison
In 2014:
We observed in 2014, that there are some changes in the responses of trainees and seniors in the survey. For only the trainees’ responses, 3 factors have been analyzed and two were same as transformational and consideration, while one more which is democratic leadership style was added. As However, for seniors' response, the number of consideration styles remain same as obtained taking the raw full data for 2014.
So, there are chances that trainees observed some democratic styles in the leaders.
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In 2019:
We can observe the same number of leadership styles even after subgrouping the data based on the position of employees. However, the proportion of variances slightly changes. Example, the proportion of variance for ML1 representing consideration leadership style is 32% by trainees’ response while it is 28% by seniors’ response.
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